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The Attack on Hrubieszów was a joint action of the Polish post-Home Army (AK) organization Freedom and Independence (WiN) and the Ukrainian partisans of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), which took place on the night of 27 May 1946. It was the most significant joint action carried out by these two organizations, which had previously often fought one another, but which decided to cooperate in the face of the common threat from the Polish communists and the Soviet NKVD.〔 (in Polish)〕 ==Background== Between 1943 and 1944, the Polish Home Army and the pro-Ukrainian independence Ukrainian Insurgent Army engaged each other in brutal fighting in the Lublin and Zamość region, while at the same time also fighting the Nazis〔 (in Polish)〕 and sometimes the Soviet partisans. After the entry of the Red Army into the area during Operation Bagration, the Soviet NKVD began persecuting members of both organizations (even though the Home Army attempted to cooperate with the Red Army in Operation Tempest) and the local civilian population.〔Norman Davies, "Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory", Penguin Group, 2008, pg. 272 ()〕〔Norman Davies, "God's Playground, a History of Poland: 1795 to the present", Columbia University Press, 1982, pg. 472-473, ()〕〔Marek Jasiak in "Redrawing nations: ethnic cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944-1948", Philipp Ther, Ana Siljak eds., Rowman & Littlefield, 2001, pg. 175-176, ()〕 After the establishment in April 1944 of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKNW) (a communist provisional government sponsored by the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin), the persecution intensified. As a result, faced with a common enemy which threatened to eliminate both anti-communist Poles and independence-minded Ukrainians, the two previous enemies took the first steps towards reconciliation.〔 (in Polish)〕 As early as September 1944, the UPA commander in Eastern Galicia, Vasyl Sydor (''Szelest''), issued an order ending general anti-Polish actions in the region; from then on UPA units were only allowed to attack those Poles who served with the Soviets (although it took several months for the orders to reach individual commanders in the field).〔(Biuletyn IPN, Nr 8, September 2001, pg. 32 )〕 In 1945 the AK issued a manifesto calling for an end to fighting between Poles and Ukrainians and for cooperation, printed it in 7,500 copies and distributed it in the surrounding villages.〔 At the same time, the leadership of the UPA in the region made similar moves aimed at the same goal. After mediation by Catholic and Orthodox clergy, a meeting was arranged in Puszcza Solska (Solska Forest) between the commanders of both groups.〔 The top commander on the Polish side was Marian Gołębiewski (''Ster'') and on the Ukrainian side Jurij Lopatynsky (''Szejk'').〔 The two sides agreed to stop fighting one another, on each other's areas of influence, to come to each other's aid in case of being attacked by communist forces, to put an end to mutual attacks on civilian targets, to share intelligence reports and to coordinate actions against communist agents and common bandit groups which plagued the area.〔 According to some former soldiers of the unit, the agreement was in part due to pressure on the partisans that came from the local civilian population, which was sick of the fighting between the two groups.〔 In September 1945, the agreement was extended to include the Podlaskie and Chełm regions.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attack on Hrubieszów」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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